АММОНИЙНЫЙ АЗОТ В ФИЛЬТРАТЕ ПОЛИГОНОВ ТКО: ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ, ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ, ДОЛГОСРОЧНОСТЬ ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЯ

© 2021 г. И. В. Галицкая^1,*, В. С. Путилина^1,**,
Т. И. Юганова^1,***

¹ Институт геоэкологии им. Е.М. Сергеева РАН, Уланский пер., 13, стр. 2, Москва, 101000, Россия
*E-mail: galgeoenv@mail.ru
**E-mail: vputilina@yandex.ru
***E-mail: tigryu@gmail.com

Поступила в редакцию 22.10.2020 г.

В настоящей статье на основании анализа отечественной и зарубежной литературы проведено исследование вопросов, связанных с продолжительностью выделения аммонийного азота из твердых коммунальных отходов в свалочный фильтрат, форм нахождения азота в фильтрате, процессов связывания и преобразования NH₄⁺ в свалочном теле. Рассмотрены механизмы обратимой и необратимой сорбции иона аммония, приведены значения коэффициентов его распределения для различных горных пород. Проанализированы процессы трансформации NH₄⁺ в аэробных и анаэробных условиях, в том числе недавно установленный процесс анаэробной микробиальной реакции окисления NH₄⁺ нитритом, названной “анаммокс” и выполняющей важную роль в биологическом цикле азота. Процессы образования и трансформации NH₄⁺ на свалках и полигонах ТКО наглядно прослежены на примере утилизации отходов в аэробных и анаэробных свалках-биореакторах.   

Ключевые слова: полигон ТКО, фильтрат, аммоний, нитрат, нитрит, загрязнение, подземные воды, свалка-биореактор, долгосрочность эмиссии

DOI: 10.31857/S0869780921010021

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