ГЕОЭКОЛОГИЯ


ИНЖЕНЕРНАЯ ГЕОЛОГИЯ. ГИДРОГЕОЛОГИЯ. ГЕОКРИОЛОГИЯ

Geoekologiya, 2018, Vol. 2, P. 61-73

ANALYSIS OF NATURAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS IN SOME RUSSIAN CITIES

I.S. Pomelyaiko

Pyatigorsk branch, North-Caucasian Federal University, ul. 40 let Oktyabrya 56, Pyatigorsk, Stavropol krai, 357700 Russia.

E-mail: i.pomelyayko@yandex.ru

Russia hosts only 11 resorts of federal value (1% of all Russian cities). Four of them, i.e., Kislovodsk, Es-sentuki, Zheleznovodsk and Pyatigorsk, are included in the Caucasian Mineral Waters, which is a spe-cially protected ecological resort region of the Russian Federation. Despite the special protection regime, in recent years, the environmental situation has deteriorated considerably in the resorts. According to official figures, the resort towns of the Caucasian Mineral Waters, in particular, Kislovodsk, Essentu-ki and Zheleznovodsk, are the benchmarks in environmentally safe area. In order to identify and predict adequately the ecological state of the resorts, the system analysis of natural areas was made. For a more detailed specification of the atmosphere, the capacity of cities was considered, for each of them the me-teorological capacities of the atmosphere self-purification having been calculated. The unfavorable con-ditions for self-purification of the atmosphere are noted that in the cities of Essentuki, Zheleznovodsk and Pyatigorsk. In Kislovodsk, due to the geomorphological characteristics, the extremely unfavorable conditions for self-purification of the atmosphere prevail. The monitoring data were collected and ana-lyzed for the atmosphere, river water, soil, as well as for the health and demographic indicators of popula-tion; and 28 large industrial city were officially referred to the most polluted cities of the Russian Feder-ation. We obtained the following conclusions: the average content of pollutants in soils and rivers resorts Caucasian Mineral Waters corresponds to their concentration in similar environments, in a number of large industrial cities with a critical ecological state. Integral assessment of the health status of the pop-ulation of industrial centers and resorts in the Caucasian Mineral Waters, correspond to the critical en-vironmental situation. The reason lies in the number of natural features of the area that contribute to the accumulation of pollutants and to the formation of zones of anthropo-technogenic pollution resorts.

The current layout of resorts contributes to the accumulation of pollutants in the environment. The au-thor proposes to calculate the total value of the anthropogenic load (VAN) on the environment in a set-tlement. The results show that the ecological status of the Caucasian Mineral Waters resorts is far from being safe and can be classified as intense. This is the case for 11 of 28 large industrial cities under con-sideration. The maximum human load is obtained for the cities of Barnaul, Vladivostok and Chelyabinsk.

Key words: CMW resorts, industrial cities, ecological condition, system analysis, diagnostics, the magnitude of anthropogenic load.

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