ABOUT SOME PROBLEMS IN THE ACCUMULATED ECOLOGICAL DAMAGE DUE TO THE EXTRACTION OF RAW MATERIALS IN THE RUSSIAN ARCTICS (BY THE EXAMPLE OF THE RUSSIAN EAST)

S. A. Laukhin^#
Moscow State Geological Prospecting University,
ul. Miklukho-Maklay 23, Moscow, 117997 Russia
^#E-mail: valvolgina@mail.ru

The mining and industrial complex of the Russian Arctic provides production of 60–96% non-ferrous and precious metals, mining of 80% gas and 60% oil in Russia. Mining of mineral deposits in the Russian Arctic began in different time: somewhere, in 1930s, somewhere in 1950s, or later. There is a tendency to relate the ecological damage accumulated for more than 80 years with the subsoil use. It is shown that accumulated ecological damage (AED) in Russian Arctic is related to subsoil only partially. The main part of the damage is due to the actions defense supply on the northern boundaries of Russia, metallurgic and other industries, servicing of Northern Marine Way, etc. It is also shown that in different regions the AED volume is different. Situation with AED is especially discussed for the Eastern Arctic (to east from the Yenisei River). It was shown that the general ecological situation is not catastrophic in these regions. The conclusion was made that shortening AED in the Russian Arctic is the common affair of all people.

Keywords: Russian Arctic, subsoil use, accumulated ecological damage

DOI: 10.31857/S0869780920010093

REFERENCES

1. Brukhovetskyi, O.S., Drozdov, D.S., Laukhin, S.A., Yashin, V.P. O dole nedropolzovan’ya v nakoplennom ekologicheskom ushcherbe Arkticheskoi Zony Rossiiskoi Federatsii [About subsoil use portion in accumulated ecological damage of Russian Federation Arctic Zone]. Izvestya vuzov. Geologiya i Razvedka, 2014, no. 6, pp. 59–63. (in Russian)

2. GOST P 54003-2010 Ecological management. Evaluation of the past ecological damage accumulated in places of arrangement organizations. General principles. Moscow, Standartinform Publ., 2010, 43 p. (in Russian)

3. Gresov, A.I. Metanoresursnaya baza ugol’nykh basseinov Dal’nego Vostoka Rossii i perspektivy ee promyshlennogo osvoeniya. Tom II. Uglenosnye basseiny Respubliky Sakha (Yakutya) i Severo-Vostoka. [Methane resources of coal basins in the Far East of Russia and their industrial development perspectives. Vol. II. Coal methane basins of Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the NorthEast], Vladivostok, Dalnauka Publ., 2012, 468 p. (in Russian)

4. Gresov, A.I., Obzhirov, A.I., Yatsuk, A.V. Geostrukturnye zakonomernosti raspredelenya merzloty v uglegazodobyvayushchikh basseinakh Severo-Vostoka Rossii [Geostructural regularities of the distributions of permafrost in gas- and coal-bearing basins in the northeast of Russia], Kriosfera Zemly, 2014, vol. XVIII, no. 1, pp. 3–11. (in Russian)

5. Davydenko, N.M. Aktual’nye voprosy geoekologii [Actual issues of environmental geoscience], Moscow, GEOS Publ., 2003. 426 p. (in Russian)

6. Davydenko, N.M. Problemy ekologii neftegazonosnykh i gornodobyvayushikh regionov severa Rossii [Problems of hydrocarbon-bearing and mining regions of the Russian North], Novosibirsk, Nauka Publ., 1998, 223 p. (in Russian)

7. Isakov, V. [The main types and causes of deformations on railways and roads in the Norilsk industrial district]. Trudy 10 Mezhdunarodnoi Konferentsii po merzlotovedeniyu [Proc. 10th Int. Conf. on permafrost]. Salekhard, Pechatnik Publ., 2012, pp. 133–136. (in Russian)

8. Kraev, G.N. Zakonomernosti rasprostraneniya metana v mnogoletnemerzlykh porodakh na Severo-Vostoke Rossii i prognoz ego postuplenya v atmosferu. [Regularity of methane spreading in permafrost rocks on Russian North-East and prediction of its ingress to the atmosphere]. Extended Abstract of Cand. Sci. (Geogr.) Disseration. Moscow, MSU Publ., 2010, 18 p. (in Russian)

9. Laukhin, S.A., Drozdov, D.S. Rekul’tivatsiya landshaftov nekotorykh raionov Rossiiskoi Arktiki, narushennykh v rezul’tate nedropol’zovaniya [Recultivation of landscape in some Arctic regions of Russia, which were disturbed as a result of the extraction of raw materials]. Proc. Int. Conf. “Subarctic: mosaic, contrast, variability of the Cryosphere. Tyumen, Epokha Publ., 2015, pp. 202–205. (in Russian)

10. Matveev, A.K. Uglenosnye provintsii SSSR. Trudy Laboratorii Geologii uglya. Tom 7 [Coal-bearing Provinces of the USSR. Proc. of Laboratory of Coal Geology. Vol. 7], Leningrad, AN SSSR Publ., 1957, 238 p. (in Russian)

11. Osnovy geokriologii. Ch. 6. Geokriologicheskii prognoz i ekologicheskie problemy v kriolitozone. [Fundamentals of Geocryology. Part 6. Geocryological forecast and environmental problems in the permafrost zone]. Garagulya, L.S., Ershov, E.D., Eds., Moscow, MSU Publ., 2008, 768 p. (in Russian)

12. Pavlenko, V.I. Arkticheskaya Zona Rossiiskoi Federatsii v sisteme obespecheniya natsional’nykh interesov strany [Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation in the system ensuring the national interests]. Arktika: ekologiya i ekonomika, 2013, no. 4 (12), pp. 16–25. (in Russian)

13. Potapov, A.D. Ekologya [Ecology], Moscow, Vysshaya shkola Publ., 2004, 528 p. (in Russian) 14. Sokolov, Yu.I. Arktika: k probleme nakopleniya ekologicheskogo ushcherba [Arctic: about accumulation of ecological damage]. Arktika: ekologiya i ekonomika, 2013, no 2 (10), pp. 18–27. (in Russian)

14. Sokolov, Yu.I. Arktika: k probleme nakopleniya ekologicheskogo ushcherba [Arctic: about accumulation of ecological damage]. Arktika: ekologiya i ekonomika, 2013, no 2 (10), pp. 18–27. (in Russian)