INFLUENCE OF ANTHROPOGENIC POLLUTION ON MOBILITY OF HEAVY METALS IN SOILS OF LOW-INDUSTRIAL CITIES IN AMUR REGION    

N. A. Borodina^1,*, V. I. Radomskaya^1,**

¹Institute of Geology and Nature Management, Far Eastern Branch,

Russian Academy of Sciences, Relochnyi per., 1, Blagoveshchensk, 675000 Russia

^*E-mail: Borodina53@yandex.ru
^**E-mail: Radomskaya@ascnet.ru

Accumulation and distribution of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, Ni, Co, Pb, and Cd) have been studied in soils of the largest cities in the Amur region, i.e., Blagoveshchensk, Belogorsk and Svobodny. It was found that Pb, Zn, Cu and Mn are the main pollutants of urban soils in these three cities. Mobility of heavy metals in urban soils was estimated comprehensively proceeding from the fractional distribution of heavy-metal compounds. The metals coming to urban soils are fixed mainly in the following fractions: Cu – in the fraction associated with organic matter; Mn – in that associated with Fe and Mn oxides and hydroxides; Zn and Cd – in the specifically adsorbed fraction associated with Fe and Mn oxides and hydroxides; Ni, Co, Pb and Cr – associated with Fe and Mn oxides and hydroxides, as well as soil organic matter. The content of elements in the residual fraction decreases, and the proportion of HM mobile forms (oxides associated with organic matter and specifically adsorbed) rise with an increase in technogenic load. The excess of Cu, Pb and Zn acid-soluble compounds’ content over their total amount derived by sequential extraction indicates that town soils had been contaminated by HM compounds of technogenic origin. The largest contribution of technogenic component, in terms of acid-soluble forms’ content, into the total HMs’ content of Blagoveshchensk urban soils was noted for Zn, Pb and Mn, in Belogorsk and Svobodny – for Pb and Cu. In comparison with the background area, the potential mobility of heavy metals increases in urban soils. Among the studied elements, Zn, Cd and Mn, which potential mobility corresponds to a high level of risk, pose the greatest danger. The moderate risk of inclusion into food chains is typical for Pb, Ni, Co.

Keywords: heavy metals, mobility, fractional composition, urban soils, technogenic pollution

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